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Add a chapter about networking to the QEMU board documentation. Describe both different types of networking as well as different emulated NICs. Suggested-by: Manjae Cho <manjae.cho@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
153 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
153 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
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Emulation of network devices
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============================
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Networking types
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----------------
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QEMU can emulate different types of networks:
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User networking
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'''''''''''''''
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User networking is the easiest to use. QEMU provides NAT translation and a DHCP
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server.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device virtio-net,netdev=eth0
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Port forwarding
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The emulated device can access the outside network but cannot be reached from
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outside by default. Forwarding rules can be added.
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In the example the SSH port 22 of the default interface of the emulated device
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is forwarded to port 2222 of the loopback interface of the host.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:2222-:22 \
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-device virtio-net,netdev=eth0
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TFTP
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~~~~
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A TFTP server can be added by specifying a file path.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0,tftp=/path/to/tftpdir \
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-device virtio-net,netdev=eth0
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Bridge networking
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'''''''''''''''''
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The emulated NIC is connected to an existing bridge device.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev bridge,id=eth0,br=virbr0 \
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-device virtio-net,netdev=eth0
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The emulated device becomes part of the same local network as the bridge.
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Tap networking
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''''''''''''''
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With tap networking a tap device is created on the host.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev tap,id=eth0 \
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-device virtio-net,netdev=eth0
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Emulated network interface controllers
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--------------------------------------
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QEMU can emulate different NICs. For best performance choose ``virtio-net``.
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Intel E1000
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'''''''''''
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U-Boot's E1000 driver supports a number of Intel PCI NICs. This includes the
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QEMU devices ``e1000``, ``e1000-82544gc``, and ``e1000-82545em``.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device e1000,netdev=eth0
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Configuration:
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* CONFIG_PCI=y
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* CONFIG_E1000=y
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Realtek RTL8139
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'''''''''''''''
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The RTL8139 is a PCI network card.
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The U-Boot driver only supports the i386 archtitecture.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device rtl8139,netdev=eth0
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Configuration:
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* CONFIG_PCI=y
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* CONFIG_NET_RANDOM_ETHADDR=y
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* CONFIG_RTL8139
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Virtio
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''''''
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U-Boot's virtio network driver supports ``virtio-net``, ``virtio-net-device``,
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and ``virtio-net-pci`` devices. ``virtio-net-device`` uses MMIO, while
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``virtio-net-pci`` uses PCI.
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For best performance use ``virtio-net``.
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device virtio-net,netdev=eth0
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Configuration:
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* CONFIG_PCI=y (only for ``virtio-net-pci``)
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* CONFIG_NET_VIRTIO=y
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Network device options
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----------------------
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The network adapters provide different configuration parameters.
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Here are some common ones.
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mac
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set MAC address
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=eth0,mac=00:00:00:00:01:01
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romfile
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provide the ROM file of the NIC
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=eth0,romfile=pxe-virtio.rom
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or provide none
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.. code-block:: bash
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-netdev user,id=eth0 \
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-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=eth0,romfile=
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